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Tuesday, April 8, 2008
Konkrit
- Konkrit merupakan salah satu bahan yang amat penting dalam kerja-kerja pembinaan sesebuah bangunan.
- Konkrit dihasilkan daripada beberapa bahan seperti simen, batu-baur, pasir dan air.
- Simen yang telah disatukan dengan batu-baur dan pasir akan mengeras setelah dicampurkan dengan air dan membentuk konrit basah ( fresh concrete ).
- Proses kimia yang berlaku tersebut dinamakan proses hidrasi iaitu proses pengeringan.
- Konkrit digunakan bagi tujuan membina bahagian-bahagian yang terdapat pada bangunan seperti tiang, dinding, lantai dan sebagainya.
Terdapat 5 jenis bahan campuran yang digunakan di dalam konkrit:
- Retarding admixture - bahan yang digunakan untuk melambatkan masa pengeringan konkrit.
- Accelerator - merupakan bahan untuk mempercepatkan masa pengeringan konkrit.
- Super Plasticizers - bahan campuran untuk mengurangkan kandungan air di dalam konkrit dengan kadar yang banyak.
- Water reducer- bahan campuran untuk mengurangkan kandungan air didalam konkrit dengan kadar yang sedikit bagi penurunan yang sekata.
- Air-entrainer - digunakan bagi memerangkap udara di dalam konkrit.
Building Science
Cement
The most general sense of the word, cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The name "cement" goes back to the Romans who used the term "opus caementitium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick additives which were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cäment and cement. Cements used in construction are characterized as hydraulic or non-hydraulic.
The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete - the bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building material which is durable in the face of normal environmental effects.
-There 2 main types of cement used in Malaysia:
The most general sense of the word, cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The name "cement" goes back to the Romans who used the term "opus caementitium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick additives which were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cäment and cement. Cements used in construction are characterized as hydraulic or non-hydraulic.
The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete - the bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building material which is durable in the face of normal environmental effects.
-There 2 main types of cement used in Malaysia:
- Ordinary Portland Cement
- Rapid Hardening Cement
-Other types of cement are :
- Portland Blastfurnace Cement
- Portland Flyash Cement
- Portland Pozzolan Cement
- Portland Silica Fume cement
- Masonry Cements
- Expansive Cements
- White blended cements
- Colored cements
- Very finely ground cements
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